Body and Health

Anemia Attack Alert You

Anemia is a condition in which blood hemoglobin levels decreased. Hemoglobin levels of men in general is 13-16 g / dL, while women 12-15g/dL.

Anemia is classified based on morphology and aetiology.

Based on morphology, anemia is divided into:

• anemia mikrositik hipokrom
• anemia normositik normokrom
• macrocytic anemia

Based on etiologinya, anemia occurs because:

• increased usage
• increased destruction
• declining eritropoiesis

Pathophysiology of anemia

There is an acute anemia and there is a chronic.  In acute anemia, blood loss occurred more than 30% of the total blood in the body result in an effective amount of human resources which in turn decreased O2 delivery to tissue is reduced and there was hypoxia, hipoksemia, anxiety, tachycardia, collapse

In chronic anemia, blood loss occurred in a long time, so that O2 delivery to the network less in compensation body that will eventually cause the erythrocytes to mikrositik hipokrom

Symptoms of anemia

Pale, caused by O2 delivery to tissue is reduced, so that delivery to the network / vital organs decreases. Therefore, the vasoconstriction of blood vessels that circulate blood to vital areas (brain, kidney, heart, etc.)

Tachycardia and noisy heart (heart murmur) caused by increased blood flow velocity reflect the workload and increased cardiac output. Chest pain (angina) caused by myocardial ischemia. Dispnea, shortness of breath, rapid fatigue, is a manifestation because O2 is delivered less. Headache, tinnitus (ear buzzing), fainting may reflect reduced oxygenation in the CNS

Anorexia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, stomatitis, often occur because of deficiencies (especially iron deficiency)

Laboratory examination

1. Examination filter (screening test), consists of measuring hemoglobin, erythrocyte indices, and abolition of peripheral blood. In this examination can be seen the morphology of the erythrocytes.
2. Series of blood tests anemia. Consists of counting leukocytes, platelets, Reticulocyte and LED. If leukocytes, platelets and decreased Reticulocyte suspected Slideshows AZ (emphasis in the bone marrow). If suspected Reticulocyte increased hemolysis and anemia after acute hemorrhage. (Hence the urgent mengkompensasinya body of young red blood cells in marrow
   bone). If Reticulocyte declining AZ suspected anemia, bone marrow failure syndrome mielodisplasia, alkoholism, etc.)
3. Series of blood tests. for the diagnosis. AZ, megaloblastic anemia, and pd hematologik disorder that can eritroid system mensupresi
4. Special blood tests. Iron deficiency anemia: serum iron (SI), TIBC, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin. Megaloblastic anemia: serum folate, serum vitamin b12, schiling test, deoksiuridin suppression test. Hemolytic anemia: serum bilirubin, Coombs test, hb electrophoresis, etc.. a plastic anemia: bone marrow biopsy.

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