Maintaining the body’s immune system against what sightings as foreign or dangerous substances. Such materials include micro-bodies, parasites (like worms), cancer cells, and even organ and tissue transplantation.
Materials that can stimulate the immune response is called antigens. Antigen is a molecule that may be contained in the cell or on the cell surface (such as bacteria, viruses or cancer cells). Some antigens, such as pollen molecules or food, on their own there.
Tues even in people who have their own networks can have an antigen. But, usually, only the immune system reacts against antigens from foreign or dangerous substances, not to the antigen of people who have a network for oneself. However, the immune system sometimes damaged, translating the body’s own tissue as foreign and produce antibodies (called autoantibodi) or immune cells target and attack the body’s own tissue.
This response is called an autoimmune reaction. This produces inflammation and tissue damage. Such effects may be an autoimmune disorder symptoms , but some people produce small amounts so that autoantibodi autoimmune disorders do not occur.
Some autoimmune ganguan common as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and vasculitis, among others. Additional illnesses are believed associated with such autoimmune glomerulonephritis, Addison’s disease, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, progressive systemic sclerosis, and some cases of infertility.
Several autoimmune disorder symptoms
Disturbance
Affected tissue
Consequences
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, red blood cell anemia (decreased red blood cell count) occurs, causing fatigue, weakness, and mild headaches. Spleen may be enlarged. Anemia can be great and even fatal.
Bullous pemphigoid blisters of skin, which is surrounded by a red swollen area, formed in the skin. Itching normal. With treatment, prognosis good.
Goodpasture’s syndrome lungs and kidney symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing up blood, fatigue, swelling, and itching, may develop. Prognosis is good if treatment dilaukan before damage to the lungs or kidneys has occurred.
Thyroid Graves Disease
Stimulated thyroid and enlarged, resulting in high levels of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). Symptoms may include rapid heart rate, can not stand the heat, tremors, weight loss, and kecemasa. With treatment, prognosis good.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis goiter Thyroid gland inflamed and damaged, resulting in lower thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism). Symptoms such as weight gain, rough skin, can not stand the cold, and sleepy. Lifelong treatment with thyroid hormones to reduce symptoms and is usually perfectly.
Multiple sclerosis brain and spinal cord all the affected nerve cells damaged. As a result, the cell can not continue as usual nerve signals. Autoimmune disorder symptomsmay include weakness, abnormal sensations, dizziness, problems with vision, muscle spasms, and hard hold lavatory. Symptoms vary about the time and may come and go. The prognosis is variable.
Myasthenia gravis connection between nerve and muscle (neuromuscular junction)
Muscle, especially that belongs to the eyes, weak and tired easily, but the weakness is different in intensity. Pattern of progression varies widely. Drugs can usually control the symptoms.
Pemphigus of skin blisters formed on the skin. Can be life-threatening disorders.
Pernicious anemia of cells along the stomach
Damage to the cells along the stomach makes trouble absorbing vitamin B12. (Vitamin B12 necessary for the production of old blood cells and maintenance of nerve cells). Anemia is often a result causes fatigue, weakness, and mild headaches. Nerves can be damaged, resulting in weakness and loss of sensation. Without treatment, spinal cord may be damaged, eventually causing loss of sensation, weakness, and difficult to hold lavatory. Increased risk of stomach cancer. Also, with treatment, good prognosis.
Rheumatoid arthritis joints or other tissues such as lung tissue, nerves, skin and heart
Many symptoms may occur. include fever, fatigue, joint pain, stiffness, destructive form of arthritis, shortness of breath, loss of sensation, weakness, rash, chest pain, and swelling under the skin. Progonosis vary
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) joints, kidneys, skin, lungs, heart, brain and blood cells
Joints, though kindled, not a defect. The symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and light-headedness, and that belongs to the kidneys, lungs, or disrupt the heart, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, itching, and chest pain, may occur. Spots may arise. Predictions vary widely, but most people can take an active life despite occasional turbulence of chaos.
Diabetes mellitus type of pancreatic beta cells (which produce insulin)
Symptoms may include excessive thirst, urination, and appetite, such as complications varied with the long-term.
Lifelong treatment with insulin is required, though the destruction of pancreatic cells to stop, because not enough pancreatic cells to iinsulin there is enough. The prognosis varies considerably and tends to be even worse if serious illness, lasting a long time.
Blood vessel vasculitis
Vasculitis can affect blood vessels in one part of the body (such as nerves, head, skin, kidneys, lungs, or intestines) or more sections. There are several kinds. Symptoms (such as rash, abdominal pain, weight loss, difficulty breathing, coughing, chest pain, headache, loss of vision, and symptoms of nerve damage or kidney failure) depends on which body part is affected. The prognosis depends on the cause and how much tissue damage. Usually, a better prognosis with treatment.
CAUSE
Autoimmune reactions can be triggered by several things:
* The compound is in the body which is normally restricted in certain areas (and thus hidden from the immune system) are released into the flow darah.Misalnya, blows to the eyes can make the fluid in the eyeball is released into the flow darah.Cairan stimulate the immune system to recognize the eye as foreign object and attack.
* Compounds normally in the body changes, for example, by viruses, drugs, sunlight, or radiation. Compound material that changes may seem foreign to the immune system. For example, viruses can infect and thereby changing the cell in the body. Cells infected by the virus stimulates the immune system to attack him.
* Foreign compounds that resemble natural body compounds may enter the body. With the immune system inadvertently can make similar compounds such agencies as the target of foreign materials. For example, the bacteria that causes sore throat has several antigens that are similar to human heart cells. Rarely happens, the immune system can attack the heart of man after sore throat (this reaction is part of the fever rumatik).
* Cells that controls the production of such antibodies, B lymphocytes (one of the white blood cells) may be damaged and produce abnormal antibodies that attack some of the cell body.
Heredity may be involved in some autoimmune disorder. Susceptibility of chaos, rather than chaos itself, may be inherited. In susceptible people, a trigger, such as viruses or infeks tissue damage, can create chaos develops. Hormonal factors may also be involved, because many autoimmune disorder is more common in women.
