Treatment of breast cancer usually begins after the comprehensive assessment of the condition of the patient, ie about 1 week or more after the biopsy. The treatment consists of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone inhibitors.
Radiation therapy used to kill cancer cells in the tumor removal and the surrounding area, including the lymph nodes. Chemotherapy (a combination of drugs to kill cells rapidly growth or pressing breeding) and drug-hormone inhibitors (drugs that affect the hormones that support the growth of cancer cells) are used to suppress the growth of cancer cells throughout the body.
Treatment for localized breast cancer
For cancer confined to the breast, treatment almost always includes surgery (performed immediately after diagnosis) to raise as much as possible tumors. There are several surgical options, the main choice was a mastectomy (removal of entire breast) or breast-Conserving surgery (only the tumor and surrounding normal tissue).
Breast-Conserving Surgery
1. Lumpektomi: appointment of a tumor and a small amount of surrounding normal tissue
2. Wide excision or partial mastectomy: the appointment of the tumor and surrounding normal tissue more
3. Kuadrantektomi: appointment of a quarter of the breast.
Appointment of the tumor and some surrounding normal tissue provides the best opportunity to prevent a recurrence of cancer. The main advantages of breast-Conserving surgery plus radiation therapy is a cosmetic. Usually the side effects of radiation does not cause pain and lasted not long. The skin looks red or blister.
Mastectomy
1. Mastectomy simplek: all breast tissue removed but the muscles under the breast is left intact and disisakan enough skin to close the incision. Breast reconstruction is easier to do if the chest muscle and other tissue under the breast is left intact. This procedure is usually used to treat invasive cancer that had spread out into the ducts, because if done-Conserving breast surgery, cancer often recurs.
2. Simplek mastectomy plus lymph node dissection or modified radical mastectomy: the breast tissue removed by leaving the muscles and skin, along with the appointment of the armpit lymph nodes.
3. Radical mastectomy: the breast, chest muscles and other tissue removed.
Radiation therapy is performed after surgery, will greatly reduce the risk of cancer recurrence on the chest wall or lymph nodes around it. Tumor size and the presence of tumor cells in lymph nodes affect the use of chemotherapy and hormone inhibitors. Some experts believe that the tumor diameters smaller than 1.3 cm can be treated with surgery alone. If the tumor diameter larger than 5 cm, after the surgery is usually given chemotherapy. If the tumor diameter greater than 7.6 cm, chemotherapy is usually given before surgery.
Patients with carcinoma in situ lobuler could remain in strict control and no treatment or immediately undergo bilateral mastectomy (removal of both breasts). Only 25% of carcinoma lobuler which grew into invasive cancer that many patients who choose not to undergo treatment. If patients choose to undergo treatment, then performed bilateral mastectomy because the cancer does not always grow at the same breast carcinoma lobuler.
If the patient wants treatment than mastectomy, then given the drug tamoxifen blocks the hormone. After undergoing a mastectomy simplek, most people with ductal carcinoma in situ have never experienced a relapse. Many patients who undergo lumpektomi, sometimes combined with radiation therapy. Inflamatoir breast cancer is a very serious cancer, although rare. Looks like an infected breast, felt the warm, red and swollen. The treatment consisted of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Breast Reconstruction
For breast reconstruction can use or copy the silicone implants or tissue taken from other body parts. Reconstruction can be done simultaneously with mastectomy or can also be done at a later date.
Lately, security has been called into question the use of silicon. Silicon sometimes seeps out of his pocket so that the implant becomes hard, causing pain and shape change. In addition, silicon sometimes flow into the blood.
Chemotherapy Drugs Inhibiting Hormones
Chemotherapy and hormone inhibitors are often given immediately after surgery and continued for several months or years. These treatments delay the return of the cancer and prolong patient life expectancy. Providing some type of chemotherapy is more effective than a single chemotherapy. But without surgery or penyinara, these drugs can not cure breast cancer.
Side effects from chemotherapy can include nausea, fatigue, vomiting, sores in the mouth that causes pain or loss of hair is temporary. At this time relatively infrequent vomiting because of the drug ondansetron. Without ondansetron, the patient will vomit as much as 1-6 times during 1-3 days after chemotherapy. Weight and duration of vomiting varies, depending on the type of chemotherapy used and the patient. For several months, the patient also becomes more susceptible to infection and bleeding. But ultimately these side effects will disappear.
Tamoxifen is a drug that blocks the hormone therapy can be given as a follow-up after surgery. Tamoxifen are chemically related to estrogen and has some similar effects with hormones therapy (such as reducing the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease and increased risk of uterine cancer). But tamoxifen does not reduce hot flashes or vaginal dryness due to changes of menopause.
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