In normal circumstances, food is digested and nutritional substances are absorbed into the bloodstream, especially from the small intestine. Can Malabsorbsi occurred either because the disorder is directly related to the digestion of food or because of abnormalities that directly affect the absorption of food poses.
Diseases that cause obstruction of the right mix of food with stomach acid and digestive Pancreatic enzyme, can affect the process of food digestion. This can occur in people who have appointed some of his stomach.
In some diseases, the body produces an enzyme or bile that amount or type does not match that required to digest food.
These diseases are:
- Pancreatitis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Blockage of the bile ducts
- Lack of lactase.
Excessive stomach acid or the growth of abnormal bacteria in the intestine, also affects the digestive process.
Diseases that cause injury to the gut lining can also affect the absorption of food:
- Infection
- The drugs (eg neomycin and alcohol)
- Celiac disease
- Crohn’s disease.
Normal intestinal lining is composed of folds, small bumps (villi) and a smaller bulge (microvilli). The bumps are causing the surface area for absorption becomes more widespread. Various circumstances that affect these areas can affect the absorption. An example is the appointment of part of the intestine, which will lead to reduction in surface area.
Disorders that cause obstruction of the flow of substances into the blood, also will lead to reduced absorption. Things like this is found in the lymph vessel obstruction by lymphoma or reduced blood flow to the intestines.
SYMPTOMS
Malabsorbsi syndrome patients usually experience weight loss. If fat is not absorbed properly, stools will be a light-colored, soft, foul-smelling and very many in number; feces are called steatorrhea. Feces gets stuck on the toilet or will float and difficult to flush.
Steatorrhea is the result of circumstances that affect the absorption of fat:
- Reduction of bile flow
- Celiac disease
- Tropical sprue.
Malabsorbsi can cause a deficiency of all nutrients and lack of protein, fats, vitamins or certain minerals. Symptoms vary depending on what deficiencies experienced by the patient. For example, if there is a deficiency of lactase enzyme may be a spraying diarrhea, flatulence and flatulen (a lot of gas) after drinking milk.
Other symptoms depend on the disease that causes malabsorbsi:
- Bile duct obstruction can cause jaundice (jaundice),
- Decreased blood flow to the intestines can cause abdominal pain after eating.
Symptoms of nutrient deficiencies:
* Iron deficiency: Anemia
* Lack of Calcium: Thinning bones
* Folic Acid Deficiency: Anemia
* Lack of Vitamin B1: tingling, especially in the legs
* Lack of vitamin B2: Sprue and corner of chapped lips
* Vitamin B12 deficiency: anemia, numbness
* Lack of Vitamin C: weakness, bleeding gums
* Lack of Vitamin D: Thinning bones
* Lack of Vitamin K: easy bruising or bleeding easily
* Lack of protein: tissue swelling (edema), usually in the legs
Diagnosis
Alleged to have occurred to someone malabsorbsi syndrome who experienced weight loss, diarrhea and nutrient deficiencies despite good food. Weight loss can be caused by other things. Of fat in the stool examination can help confirm the diagnosis, in which excessive fat levels.
Examples of stool examination with the naked eye and with a microscope. The existence of the remains of food that is not digested, indicating that the food too quickly through the intestines. Certain remnants can also show the structure of the abnormal intestinal anatomy, such as the existence of a direct channel between the stomach and small intestine (gastrokolik fistulas).
If there is jaundice, stools with excess fat, can show abnormalities in the bile system. Examination that lead to cancer of the pancreas or bile ducts. Clumps of fat and fiber foods that are not digested, which was found on microscopic examination, showed that the pancreas does not function normally.
The discovery of parasites or their eggs in the feces, indicates that this malabsorbsi caused by parasitic infection. Plain abdominal enforcement rarely make the diagnosis, although sometimes can indicate possible causes. Photographs taken after the patient drinks barium, will show an abnormal pattern of distribution of barium in the small intestine, which is typical for malabsorbsi.
Biopsy (taking a sample of tissue for examination) may be necessary to find abnormalities in the small intestine. Examples can be obtained by endoscopy or by using the tube / hose long thin sharp edges as the cutter. Examples are examined under a microscope and can also be used to test the Pancreatic enzyme activity.
Pancreatic function tests are often done for pancreas dysfunction is frequently a cause that often found in malabsorbsi. In one test a particular diet patients and in other tests the patient sekretin get hormone injections. In the second test, intestinal fluid containing pancreatic secretions and then collected through a tube and examined.
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