Anal cancers arise in the skin cells immediately around the anus or in the line along the transition area between the anus and rectum (anal canal). Unlike in the rectum and colon, in which cancer is always adenocarcinoma, anal cancer is primarily a squamous cell carcinoma.
Anal cancer occurs approximately above 4000 people in the United States each year. Anal cancer were almost twice as common in women. The cause of obscure anal cancer, but people who engage in anal sex increased the risk, such as people with infections transmitted sexually, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV type 16) and lymphogranuloma venereum.
SYMPTOMS
People with cancer often anal bleeding during major ir buanga, pain, and sometimes itching around the anus. Approximately 25% of people with anal cancer have no symptoms. In this situation, the cancer is found only during a routine check.
Diagnosis
To diagnose anal cancer, a doctor first to check the skin around the rectum for any abnormalities. With gloved hands, doctors examine the anus and lower rectum, to the layer that feels any different from the surrounding area. The doctor then took a tissue sample from the abnormal area and examined under a microscope (biopsy).
TREATMENT
Radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy may be used better than surgery or added. Surgery alone is a satisfactory treatment, although physicians must be careful not to interfere with the function of circular muscle that keeps the anus to remain closed until the bowel (anal sphincter), which can cause loss of control of bowel movements (hard to hold lavatory).
The combination of radiation with chemotherapy, or radiation with surgery, cure many anal cancers, with 70% or more people who live on more than 5 years. A more comprehensive surgery is sometimes necessary if the results of the biopsy examination performed after the first treatment showed a recurrence of cancer.
