Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses that occurs due to allergy or viral infections, bacteria and fungi. Sinusitis can occur in one of the four existing sinus (maksilaris, etmoidalis, frontal or sfenoidalis).
CAUSE
Sinusitis can be acute (lasting 3 weeks or less) or chronic (lasts for 3-8 weeks but can continue for months or even years).
The cause of acute sinusitis:
* Viral infections.
Acute sinusitis can occur after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (eg colds).
* Bacteria.
In the human body there are several types of bacteria that normally does not cause disease (eg Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae). If the body’s defense system decreases or the drainage of sinus congestion due to colds or other viral infections, the bacteria that were not harmful to reproduce and infiltrate into the sinuses, causing an acute sinus infection.
* Fungal Sinusitis infections.
Sometimes fungal infections can cause acute sinusitis. Aspergillus is a fungus that can cause sinusitis in people with immune system disorders. In certain people, fungal sinusitis is a type of allergic reaction to mold.
* Chronic inflammation in the nasal tract.
In people with allergic rhinitis can occur acute sinusitis. Similarly, in people with vasomotor rhinitis.
* A particular disease.
Acute sinusitis is more common in people with immune system disorders and people with abnormal secretion of mucus (eg cystic fibrosis).
Causes of Chronic sinusitis:
* Asthma
* Allergic disease (eg allergic rhinitis)
* Immune system disorders or abnormalities of mucus secretion or disposal.
SYMPTOMS
Typical symptoms of the disorder is a sinus headache that is felt when the patient woke up in the morning. Acute and chronic sinusitis have similar symptoms, namely tenderness and swelling in the affected sinuses, but there are certain symptoms arising from an infected sinus:
* Sinusitis causes pain maksilaris right cheek below the eye, toothache and headaches.
* Sinusitis frontalis cause headaches in the forehead.
* Etmoidalis Sinusitis causes pain behind and between the eyes and headache in the forehead. Etmoidalis sinus inflammation can also cause pain when the nose on the outskirts of press, reduced sense of smell and nasal congestion.
* Sinusitis causes pain sfenoidalis whose location can not be ascertained and could be felt at the top of the head of the front or rear, or sometimes causes ear pain and neck pain.
Other symptoms are:
- Not feeling well
- Fever
- Tired, listless
- Cough, which may worsen at night
- Runny nose or nasal congestion.
Fever and chills indicate that the infection has spread outside the sinuses. Mucous membranes of the nose looks red and swollen, the nose may be out pus yellow or green.
Sinusitis and Immune System Disorders
In people with uncontrolled diabetes or people with immune system disorders, fungal sinusitis can cause serious and even fatal. Mukormikosis (fikomikosis) is a fungal infection that can occur in people with uncontrolled diabetes. In the nasal cavity of dead tissue is black and block blood flow to the brain, causing neurological symptoms (such as headaches and blindness).
Diagnosis based on the results of microscopic examination of the dead tissue. The treatment includes control of diabetes and the provision of anti-fungal drug amphotericin B intravenously (through the blood vessels).
Aspergillosis and candidiasis is a fungal sinusitis infection of the sinuses that can be fatal in people with immune system disorders due to anti-cancer therapy or disease (eg leukemia, lymphoma, multiple mieloma or AIDS). In aspergillosis, in the nose and sinus polyps form.
Diagnosis based on results of examination of polyps. The treatment of sinus surgery and delivery of amphotericin B intravenously.
Diagnosis
Diganosis established based on symptoms, sinus X-rays and physical examination results. To determine the weight of large and sinusitis, can do a CT scan. In maksilaris sinusitis, dental X-ray examination to determine the existence of dental abscess.
TREATMENT
Acute sinusitis
For acute sinusitis is usually given:
* Decongestants to reduce congestion
* Antibiotics to control bacterial infections
* Pain relief medicine to relieve pain.
Decongestants in the form of nose drops or nasal spray should only be used for a limited time (due to long-term use can cause blockage and swelling in the nasal tract). To reduce congestion, swelling and inflammation can be given a nasal spray that contains steroids.
Chronic sinusitis
Given antibiotics and decongestants. To reduce inflammation is usually given a nasal spray that contains steroids. If severe illness, may be given steroids by mouth (by mouth).
The following things can be done to reduce the discomfort:
- Inhaling steam from a vaporizer or a bowl of hot water
- Drug nasal spray containing saline solution
- Warm compresses on the affected sinus area.
If not you can deal with such treatment, then the only way to treat chronic sinusitis is surgical. In children, it is often improved after adenoid removal that clog the nasal sinus tract.
In adult patients who also have allergic diseases sometimes found polyps in the nose. Polyps should be removed so that the airway open and reduce sinus symptoms. Current surgical techniques is mostly done is functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
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